Table 1.
D-statistics of Neanderthal and Denisova ancestry and dearth of African Ancestry in non-African populations
| W | X | Y | Z | D score | Z score | Simulation | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A | AFR | EUR | NEAN | Ancestral | −0.0457 | −11.980 | −0.029 |
| AFR | ASN | NEAN | Ancestral | −0.0557 | −12.028 | −0.051 | |
| AFR | AND | NEAN | Ancestral | −0.0536 | −12.041 | −0.051 | |
| AFR | IND | NEAN | Ancestral | −0.0512 | −13.131 | −0.051 | |
| AFR | PAC | NEAN | Ancestral | −0.0753 | −13.797 | −0.066 | |
| B | EUR | ASN | NEAN | Ancestral | −0.0126 | −2.428 | −0.034 |
| EUR | AND | NEAN | Ancestral | −0.0102 | −2.055 | −0.034 | |
| EUR | IND | NEAN | Ancestral | −0.0073 | −1.758 | −0.035 | |
| EUR | PAC | NEAN | Ancestral | −0.0374 | −5.851 | −0.056 | |
| C | EUR | ASN | DENI | Ancestral | −0.0096 | −2.663 | −0.033 |
| EUR | AND | DENI | Ancestral | −0.0175 | −4.165 | −0.033 | |
| EUR | IND | DENI | Ancestral | −0.0151 | −3.795 | −0.033 | |
| EUR | PAC | DENI | Ancestral | −0.0842 | −15.219 | −0.105 | |
| D | EUR | ASN | AFR | Ancestral | 0.0015 | 0.661 | −0.011 |
| EUR | AND | AFR | Ancestral | 0.0093 | 3.3583 | 0.016 | |
| EUR | IND | AFR | Ancestral | 0.0064 | 2.557 | 0.017 | |
| EUR | PAC | AFR | Ancestral | 0.0329 | 10.488 | 0.044 |
Section A shows the introgression amount of Neanderthals to all non-African populations compared to African populations using D-statistics. As African populations do not have introgression from EEH (Eurasian Extinct Hominins) populations, these values can be regarded as absolute amount of introgression. Section B shows the introgression amount of Neanderthals to Asian and Pacific populations compared to European populations. As European populations have introgression from Neanderthal, these values represent the increase of Neanderthal ancestry in Asian and Pacific populations. Section C shows the introgression amount of Denisova to Asian and Pacific populations compared to European populations. As the Neanderthal introgression in European populations can increase the Denisova ancestry calculated by D-statistics because of incomplete lineage sorting, these values represent the increase of Denisova ancestry in Asian and Pacific populations. Section D shows the dearth of African ancestry in Asian and Pacific populations compared to European populations. As introgression from EEH population will increase the dearth of African ancestry, these values are a good proxy for the relative increase amount of Introgression from EEH populations. In the last column, mean of D-scores of 500 replicates using the mean value from the posterior distribution of parameters of model H
AFR African, ASN East Asian, IND Tribal Indian, AND Andamanese, EUR Europeans, PAC Pacific/Oceanian, NEAN Neanderthal, DENI Denisova