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. 2018 Dec 6;12(1):84–97. doi: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2018.11.009

Figure 3.

Figure 3

Properties of hPSC-VSMCs Made in 2D Culture (2D-VSMCs) and Alginate Hydrogel Tubes (AlgTube-VSMCs)

(A–C) Immunostaining of fibronectin production of (A) 2D-VSMCs and (B) AlgTube-VSMCs after 24 hr of 2.5 ng/mL TGF-β treatment. (C) Quantification of produced fibronectin. Data are represented as mean ± SD (n = 5). Scale bar, 50 μm.

(D) Co-culture of VSMCs and HUVECs. Scale bar, 50 μm.

(E–G) (E) Phase images, (F) surface area, and (G) percentage change in cell surface area of 2D-VSMCs and AlgTube-VSMCs in response to carbachol treatment. Data are represented as mean ± SD. ∗∗p < 0.01, ∗∗∗p < 0.001. Scale bar, 50 μm.

(H) The relative fluorescence units (ΔRFU) of Fluo-4-loaded VSMCs over 10 min after adding carbachol. Data are represented as mean ± SD (n = 3).

(I and J) When VSMCs and HUVECs were co-transplanted subcutaneously, both 2D-VSMCs and AlgTube-VSMCs (I) formed nice vascular structures with (J) similar numbers of VSMCs attached to the vessels. Scale bar, 50 μm.