Figure 2.

Neural correlates of discounted subjective value, subjective value under risk (or undiscounted ‘utility’) and discounted utility. The three types of value signals are found in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (VMPFC) and striatum, among other regions. These two regions form the core of the brain's unified subjective valuation system as identified in meta-analytic data. Adapted and reprinted with permission from Kable & Glimcher [43], Levy et al. [92], Bartra et al. [98] and Pine et al. [96]. (Online version in colour.)