Table 3.
(A) HRV parameters. Parameters are reported as mean ± standard deviation (parametric data) or as median (minimum, maximum) (nonparametric data); (B) F‐test and Holm‐Sidak post hoc P‐values of the group and phase comparison in a 2‐way repeated measures analysis of variance (nonparametric data was natural log transformed before analysis). The group‐phase interactions when significant are indicated. Not significant (P > .05) comparisons are not reported
| (A) | Trot phase | Canter phase | Recovery | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Group H (n = 13) | Group A (n = 30) | Group O (n = 11) | Group H (n = 13) | Group A (n = 30) | Group O (n = 11) | Group H (n = 13) | Group A (n = 30) | Group O (n = 11) | |
| Mean HR (/min) | 129 ± 11 | 130 ± 11 | 128 ± 15 | 179 ± 10 | 179 ± 13 | 175 ± 9 | 110 ± 7 | 109 ± 10 | 112 ± 7 |
| RMSSD (ms) | 5.6 (3.3, 7.2) | 6.1 (3.7, 18) | 4.6 (3.3, 6.7) | 4.9 (3.7, 14) | 6.5 (3.1, 16) | 4.8 (2.5, 12) | 4.8 (3.1, 7.5) | 11 (3.1, 73) | 5.1 (3.5, 6.8) |
| SD2 (ms) | 22 ± 4.7 | 23 ± 7.1 | 26 ± 9.2 | 31.0 ± 9.3 | 33 ± 14 | 35 ± 13 | 189 ± 32 | 184 ± 35 | 175 ± 31 |
| TI | 4.1 (3, 5.9) | 4.2 (2.8, 7.5) | 4.5 (2.4, 7.0) | 5.4 (2.5, 9.1) | 5.4 (2, 9.7) | 4.8 (3.6, 9.1) | 20 (15, 25) | 18 (6.8, 26) | 19 (15, 28) |
| TIRR (ms) | 60 (45, 95) | 73 (35, 145) | 70 (45, 125) | 80 (50, 145) | 93 (30, 205) | 85 (50, 175) | 495 (375, 670) | 460 (355, 665) | 495 (390, 855) |
| SDRR (ms) | 16 ± 3.2 | 17 ± 4.8 | 19 ± 6.5 | 22 ± 6.3 | 24 ± 9.7 | 25 ± 8.9 | 134 ± 22 | 131 ± 26 | 124 ± 22 |
| (B) | Group comparison | Phase comparison | Group × phase interaction | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| F‐test P‐value | F‐test P‐value | Holm‐Sidak post hoc P‐value | F‐test P‐value | Holm‐Sidak post hoc P‐value | |
| Mean HR (/min) | .97 | <.001 | T versus C, <.001; T versus R, <.001; C versus R, <.001 | .62 | |
| RMSSD (ms) | <.001 | .26 | .002 | Group A: T versus R, <.001, C versus R, <.001 Phase R: Group A versus Group H, <.001, Group A versus Group O, <.001 |
|
| SD2 (ms) | .95 | <.001 | T versus C, .022; T versus R, <.001; C versus R, <.001 | .42 | |
| TI | .87 | <.001 | T versus C, <.001; T versus R, <.001; C versus R, <.001 | .47 | |
| TIRR (ms) | .31 | <.001 | T versus C, <.001; T versus R, <.001; C versus R, <.001 | .76 | |
| SDRR (ms) | .93 | <.001 | T versus C, .024; T versus R, <.001; C versus R, <.001 | .44 | |
Abbreviations: C, canter; Group A, arrhythmia; Group H, healthy; Group O, other; HR, heart rate; HRV, heart rate variability; R, recovery; RMSSD, root mean square of successive R‐R interval differences; SD2, standard deviation 2; SDRR, standard deviation of R‐R intervals; T, trot; TI, triangular index; TIRR, triangular interpolation of R‐R‐intervals.