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. 2019 Jan 10;9:1937. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01937

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Copyright © 2019 Chakrabarty, Bijos, Vahabi, Clavica, Kanai, Pickering, Fry and Drake.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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The (A) amplitude and (B) frequency of spontaneous (n = 17) and CCh-induced (n = 9) pressure fluctuations in an isolated whole rat bladder. (C) A representative trace of the effect of 18β-GA (30 μM) on spontaneous phasic activity of the whole bladder and the effects on (D) amplitude and (E) frequency of spontaneous phasic activity (n = 6). The effect of CBX (50 μM) on the (F) amplitude and (G) frequency of spontaneous phasic activity of the whole bladder (n = 4). The effect of 18β-GA (30 μM) on the (H) amplitude and (I) frequency of CCh-induced phasic activity of the whole bladder (n = 4). ^∗∗∗P < 0.001; Student’s paired t-test.