Table 3.
Serum levels of proteins involved in amyloid-β clearance and cholesterols in participants categorized by rCBF reduction levels
| Clinical characteristics and biomarker | SPECT a (n = 39) | SPECT B (n = 15) | SPECT C (n = 6) | SPECT D (n = 3) | P value∗ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 67.4 ± 11.1† | 66.3 ± 8.2 | 70.7 ± 9.3 | 65.7 ± 6.8 | .75008 |
| Male/female | 10/29 | 8/7 | 4/2 | 2/1 | |
| MMSE score | 28.4 ± 1.9 | 28.1 ± 1.3 | 26.8 ± 2.6 | 27.0 ± 2.6 | .11915 |
| VSRAD | 1.2 ± 0.7 | 1.2 ± 0.6 | 1.5 ± 0.6 | 1.3 ± 1.4 | .16889 |
| APOE ε4 carrier, % | 20.5 | 33.3 | 50.0 | 33.3 | |
| aC3, mg/dL | 99.2 ± 17.5 | 97.3 ± 11.0 | 115.2 ± 13.0‡,§ | 110.1 ± 15.3 | .04283 |
| nC3, unit/mL | 1.2 ± 0.6 | 1.0 ± 0.3 | 0.8 ± 0.2 | 1.2 ± 0.5 | .34098 |
| aC3/nC3 | 101.1 ± 43.8 | 102.7 ± 29.0 | 144.9 ± 32.4‡,§ | 104.5 ± 40.6 | .06093 |
| C4, mg/dL | 25.3 ± 5.3 | 26.2 ± 4.2 | 28.8 ± 7.5 | 27.0 ± 5.7 | .59451 |
| TTR, mg/dL | 24.4 ± 4.9 | 26.3 ± 7.3 | 23.0 ± 4.9 | 20.2 ± 3.9 | .65200 |
| ApoA-I, mg/dL | 156.2 ± 24.2 | 160.8 ± 31.3 | 121.3 ± 16.8‡,§ | 148.7 ± 37.5 | .00664 |
| ApoE, mg/dL | 4.4 ± 0.9 | 3.6 ± 0.9 | 4.0 ± 0.9 | 3.1 ± 0.4 | .05498 |
| HDL, mg/dL | 67.5 ± 17.8 | 62.4 ± 19.5 | 45.5 ± 7.7‡ | 65.5 ± 23.3 | .00952 |
| LDL, mg/dL | 133.5 ± 33.1 | 113.4 ± 28.2 | 113.8 ± 12.2 | 103.5 ± 3.5 | .19468 |
| TC, mg/dL | 215.3 ± 31.4 | 189.9 ± 29.8 | 178.0 ± 10.4‡ | 180.5 ± 10.6 | .00303 |
| TG, mg/dL | 142.1 ± 76.0 | 145.6 ± 79.3 | 158.3 ± 74.6 | 126.5 ± 61.5 | .91709 |
| BS, mg/dL | 117.5 ± 34.3 | 120.3 ± 27.2 | 103.5 ± 31.8 | 148.3 ± 60.6 | .28727 |
| HbA1c (%) | 5.7 ± 0.6 | 5.7 ± 0.7 | 5.6 ± 0.5 | 6.4 ± 0.3 | .93751 |
| Triple-marker sore (ApoA-I, TTR, nC3) | 0.64 ± 0.28 | 0.69 ± 0.21 | 1.01 ± 0.16‡,§ | 0.63 ± 0.41 | .00909 |
| Triple-marker sore (ApoA-I, TTR, aC3/nC3) | 0.67 ± 0.27 | 0.67 ± 0.19 | 1.05 ± 0.19‡,§ | 0.67 ± 0.35 | .00939 |
Abbreviations: SPECT, single-photon emission tomography; rCBF, reduced cerebral blood flow; VSRAD, voxel-based specific regional analysis system for Alzheimer's disease; nC3, native form of C3; aC3, active form of C3; TTR, transthyretin; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglyceride; BS, blood sugar.
Kruskal-Wallis test. Significant differences among 3 groups (SPECT A, B, and C) are indicated.
Mean ± SD.
Holm-Bonferroni test. Significant differences in SPECT A versus C were observed in apoA-I (P = .00296), aC3 (P = .02468), C3 ratio (aC3/nC3) (P = .01468), HDL (P = .00712), TC (P = .00689), triple-marker score (ApoA-I, TTR, nC3) (P = .00154), and triple-marker score (ApoA-I, TTR, aC3/nC3) (P = 8.7E-04).
Holm-Bonferroni test. Significant differences in SPECT B versus C were observed in apoA-I (P = .00231), aC3 (P = .02209), C3 ratio (aC3/nC3) (P = .03181), triple-marker score (ApoA-I, TTR, nC3) (P = .01139), and triple-marker score (ApoAI, TTR, aC3/nC3) (P = .00239).