Table 4.

Concentrations and growth inhibition effect of thymoquinone combined with diminazene aceturate applied to the cultures of B. bigemina

Concentration (μM)a		Fluorescence valueb	t-testc
			t-value		P-value
TQ	DA		Control	DA IC50	Control	DA IC50
5.51	0.15	8.81 ± 1.03	287.14	59.50	<0.0001	<0.0001
5.51	0.10	9.13 ± 1.60	213.64	54.50	<0.0001	<0.0001
3.67	0.15	11.40 ± 0.97	293.43	58.36	<0.0001	<0.0001
3.67	0.10	12.09 ± 2.20	162.84	47.52	<0.0001	<0.0001
1.83	0.15	26.17 ± 2.88	120.20	35.62	<0.0001	<0.0001
1.83	0.10	33.46 ± 0.86	281.21	45.44	<0.0001	<0.0001
0.14	0.15	207.37 ±1.54	27.38	56.66	<0.0001	<0.0001
0.14	0.10	223.99 ± 2.27	8.21	58.04	0.0012	<0.0001
Control		235.57 ± 0.90
DA IC50		106.81 ± 2.66

^aCombinations were based on the calculated IC₅₀ values obtained from the in vitro Babesia fluorescence assay

^bEach value was calculated using a fluorescence-based assay in three separate experiments. Each concentration of the drug combination was made in triplicate in each experiment, and the final obtained fluorescence values represent the mean and standard deviation (SD) of three separate experiments after subtracting the background fluorescence for non-parasitized RBCs

^ct-test represents the statistically significant differences between the combined drug-treated group and either the control group or the diminazene aceturate-treated group

Abbreviations: TQ thymoquinone, DA diminazene aceturate