Table 2.

The active constituents of TMHs.

Scientific name	Active compound	Structure	Results	Ref.
Rhus verniciflua	3-(8′R,9′R-dihydorxypentadecyl)-phenol		Inhibition of platelet aggregation induced by ADP and AA.	[28]
	1-[3,4-dihydroxy-5-(12′Z)-12-heptadecen-1-ylphenyl]-ethanone
	Isomaltol		Inhibition of platelet aggregation induced by ADP, AA, collagen.	[29]
	Pentagalloyl glucose
Salvia miltiorrhiza	15,16-dihydrotanshinone I		Inhibited collagen-induced platelet aggregation via Ca2+ mobilization and TxA2 generation, Inhibited AA metabolism.	[30–32]
	Tanshinone I
	Tanshinone IIA
	Cryptotanshinone
	Danshensu
	Salvianolic acid B
Caesalpinia sappan	Brazilin		Inhibited platelet aggregation activity induced by thrombin, collagen, and ADP.	[33]
Curcuma zedoaria	Curcumin		Inhibitory effect in ADP-, AA-, collagen-, platelet activation factor (PAF)-induced platelet aggregation.	[34–36]
Curcuma aromatic
Cinnamomum cassia	Eugenol		Inhibition of ADP-, collagen-, AA-induced platelet activation and aggregation. Inhibitory effect in TxA2 formation and Ca2+ mobilization.	[37–39]
	Amygdalactone
	Cinnamic alcohol
	2-Hydroxycinnamaldehyde
	2-Methoxycinnamaldehyde
	Coniferaldehyde
Paeonia lactiflora	Paeonol		Inhibited ADP-, AA-, and collagen-induced platelet aggregation via the inhibition of TxA2 and PGD2 formation.	[40, 41]
	Paeoniflorin		Improving blood circulation through anti-platelet aggregation and blood coagulation.	[42]
	Benzoylpaeoniflorin
	Benzoyloxypaeoniflorin
	Methyl gallate
	Catechin
	Paeoniflorigenone
	Galloylpaeoniflorin
	Daucosterol
Panax ginseng	Ginsenoside Rg1		Inhibition of platelet activation and aggregation induced by thrombin, ADP, collagen, and U46619.	[43]
	Ginsenoside Rg3			[44]
	Ginsenoside Rp4			[45]
Anemarrhena asphodeloides	Timosaponin A-III		Remarkably inhibited ADP-induced platelet aggregation and delayed thromboplastin time.	[46–49]
	Timosaponin B-II
	Anemarsaponin B
Coptis chinensis	Berberine		Inhibited ADP, collagen, AA-induced platelet aggregation and TxA2 synthesis.	[50, 51]
Carthamus tinctorius	Hydroxysafflor yellow A		Inhibited ADP, PAF induced platelet aggregation and delated PT, TT and APTT	[52–54]