Fig. 4.

Methuosis-inducing IPPs specifically trigger activation of the JNK pathway. a U251 cells were treated with the indicated IPPs at a concentration of 10 μM and phase contrast images were obtained after 24 h. b Dose-response studies were carried out with each IPP. Cell TiterGlo® viability assays were performed after incubation for 48 h with compounds at the indicated doses. c-e U251 cells were treated with the indicated IPPs for 24 h, and immunoblot analyses for the indicated proteins were performed on equal amounts of cellular protein as described in the Methods. f U251 cells were treated with the MOMIPP or MOPIPP for either 4 h or 24 h, and equal amounts of cell protein were immunoblotted for phospho-JNK or total JNK as described in the Methods. The 54 kDa (*) and 46 kDa (**) splice variants of phospho-JNK1/2 are indicated by the asterisks. All blots are representative of similar results obtained in three separate experiments