Table 1.
Demographic, homeownership status, and health characteristics of the HCHS/ SOL cohort by census tract-level mortgage foreclosure risk
| Census tract-level Mortgage Foreclosure Risk | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall | Low | Medium | High | |||||
| N | Median (IQR) or % (95% CI) | N | Median (IQR) or % (95% CI) | N | Median (IQR) or % (95% CI) | N | Median (IQR) or % (95% CI) | |
| Foreclosure rate | 13, 851 | 7.5 (6.2, 9.5) | 4444 | 5.8 (5.0, 6.3) | 4737 | 7.5 (7.0, 8.0) | 4670 | 10.5 (9.2, 11.2) |
| Homeownership | ||||||||
| Renters | 9935 | 74.1 (71.8, 76.4) | 3023 | 69.8 (64.3, 74.8) | 3260 | 73.3 (69.8, 76.5) | 3652 | 79.0 (75.9, 81.9) |
| Owners | 3916 | 25.8 (23.6, 28.2) | 1421 | 30.2 (25.2, 35.7) | 1477 | 26.7 (23.5, 30.3) | 1018 | 21.0 (18.1, 24.1) |
| Demographics | ||||||||
| Age Categories, years | ||||||||
| 18–44 | 5919 | 61.8 (60.3, 63.3) | 1887 | 62.5 (59.8, 65.1) | 2080 | 65.6 (63.1, 68.0) | 1952 | 57.9 (55.4, 60.4) |
| 45–64 | 6970 | 30.8 (29.6, 32.0) | 2213 | 31.0 (28.9, 33.2) | 2348 | 28.9 (26.7, 31.1) | 2409 | 32.3 (30.4, 34.3) |
| 65+ | 962 | 7.4 (6.7, 8.2) | 344 | 6.6 (5.4, 8.0) | 309 | 5.5 (4.6, 6.6) | 309 | 9.8 (8.5, 11.4) |
| Sex | ||||||||
| Female | 8379 | 52.6 (51.5, 53.8) | 2725 | 53.9 (51.8, 56.0) | 2895 | 51.7 (49.5, 54.0) | 2759 | 52.1 (50.4, 53.9) |
| Male | 5472 | 47.4 (46.2, 48.6) | 1719 | 46.1 (44.0, 48.3) | 1842 | 48.3 (46.0, 50.5) | 1911 | 47.9 (46.1, 49.6) |
| Education | ||||||||
| < High school | 5133 | 31.4 (29.9, 32.9) | 1709 | 31.5 (28.6, 34.6) | 1872 | 34.3 (31.9, 36.7) | 1552 | 28.8 (26.6, 31.2) |
| High school | 3622 | 28.5 (27.3, 29.7) | 1097 | 26.2 (24.2, 28.4) | 1229 | 29.3 (27.0, 31.6) | 1296 | 29.9 (28.1, 31.8) |
| > High school | 5096 | 40.2 (38.5, 41.9) | 1638 | 42.3 (38.7, 46.0) | 1636 | 36.5 (34.1, 38.9) | 1822 | 41.3 (38.7, 43.9) |
| Annual Income, $ | ||||||||
| < 20,000 | 6001 | 41.2 (39.4, 42.9) | 1793 | 37.4 (34.0, 40.9) | 1952 | 40.9 (38.0, 43.8) | 2256 | 44.9 (42.5, 47.4) |
| 20,000-50,000 | 5404 | 38.3 (36.9, 39.8) | 1687 | 37.6 (35.3, 39.9) | 2029 | 41.9 (39.4, 44.4) | 1688 | 36.1 (33.6, 38.6) |
| > 50,000 | 1390 | 12.1 (10.6, 13.8) | 658 | 18.1 (14.8, 22.0) | 466 | 11.1 (9.4, 13.1) | 266 | 7.2 (6.0, 8.7) |
| Don’t Know/Refused | 1056 | 8.4 (7.6, 9.3) | 306 | 6.9 (5.9, 8.2) | 290 | 6.1 (5.1, 7.3) | 460 | 11.8 (10.2, 13.6) |
| Hispanic/Latino background | ||||||||
| Dominican | 1202 | 9.4 (8.1, 10.9) | 668 | 15.5 (12.6, 18.9) | 363 | 8.9 (6.9, 11.5) | 171 | 4.1 (2.4, 6.7) |
| Central American | 1526 | 7.8 (6.7, 9.0) | 316 | 4.8 (3.9, 5.9) | 304 | 5.1 (3.9, 6.7) | 906 | 12.8 (10.4, 15.7) |
| Cuban | 2036 | 20.6 (17.4, 24.2) | 67 | 2.2 (1.5, 3.1) | 170 | 6.3 (4.4, 8.9) | 1799 | 50.0 (43.7, 56.3) |
| Mexican | 5606 | 38.3 (35.1,41.7) | 1788 | 44.4 (38.9, 50.1) | 2823 | 55.7 (50.5, 60.8) | 995 | 18.0 (13.1, 24.3) |
| Puerto Rican | 2128 | 14.9 (13.4, 16.5) | 1074 | 22.6 (19.5, 26.0) | 708 | 16.0 (13.5, 18.8) | 346 | 6.7 (4.9, 8.9) |
| South American | 933 | 5.0 (4.4, 5.7) | 353 | 5.6 (4.5, 6.9) | 249 | 4.1 (3.3, 5.2) | 331 | 5.2 (4.2, 6.5) |
| Mixed/other | 420 | 4.0 (3.5, 4.6) | 178 | 4.9 (4.0, 6.0) | 120 | 3.9 (2.9, 5.3) | 122 | 3.2 (2.5, 4.1) |
| Employment | ||||||||
| Retired | 1128 | 7.0 (6.3, 7.8) | 443 | 7.3 (6.0, 8.8) | 360 | 5.8 (4.9, 6.9) | 325 | 7.7 (6.6, 9.1) |
| Unemployed | 5429 | 40.8 (39.4, 42.2) | 1603 | 38.4 (36.1, 40.9) | 1818 | 39.9 (37.5, 42.4) | 2008 | 43.8 (41.4, 46.1) |
| Part-time | 2435 | 17.6 (16.7, 18.5) | 794 | 18.1 (16.6, 19.8) | 884 | 19.2 (17.7, 20.8) | 757 | 15.7 (14.2, 17.4) |
| Full-time | 4859 | 34.6 (33.3, 36.0) | 1604 | 36.1 (33.8, 38.6) | 1675 | 35.1 (32.7, 37.6) | 1580 | 32.8 (30.8, 34.9) |
| Nativity | ||||||||
| Foreign Born | 11,432 | 77.2 (75.5, 78.8) | 3411 | 70.0 (67.6, 72.3) | 3799 | 73.9 (71.2, 76.5) | 4222 | 86.7 (83.7, 89.2) |
| US Born (50 States and District of Columbia) | 2419 | 22.8 (21.2, 24.6) | 1033 | 30.0 (27.7, 32.4) | 938 | 26.1 (23.5, 28.8) | 448 | 13.3 (10.8, 16.3) |
| Tertiles of % poverty | ||||||||
| Low | 4742 | 34.3 (30.4, 38.5) | 1934 | 46.6 (39.3, 54.0) | 2041 | 38.8 (31.5, 46.5) | 767 | 19.1 (14.8, 24.3) |
| Medium | 4603 | 30.8 (26.8, 35.2) | 1248 | 24.1 (18.6, 30.6) | 1518 | 32.1 (25.2, 39.8) | 1837 | 36.2 (28.6, 44.6) |
| High | 4506 | 34.8 (30.8, 39.1) | 1262 | 29.4 (23.7, 35.7) | 1178 | 29.2 (23.0, 36.2) | 2066 | 44.7 (36.5, 53.2) |
| Health | ||||||||
| Hypertension | 3806 | 21.8 (20.7, 23.1) | 1243 | 19.4 (17.6, 21.3) | 1173 | 18.8 (16.9, 20.8) | 1390 | 26.7 (24.7, 28.9) |
| Hypercholesterolemia | 6064 | 40.6 (39.3, 41.8) | 1903 | 38.1 (35.9, 40.3) | 2015 | 39.1 (36.9, 41.3) | 2146 | 44.2 (42.2, 46.2) |
| Current Cigarette Use | 2616 | 20.7 (19.6, 21.8) | 753 | 18.4 (16.7, 20.1) | 833 | 19.9 (18.1, 21.9) | 1030 | 23.5 (21.7, 25.5) |
| BMI, kg/m2 | ||||||||
| Underweight (< 18.5) | 106 | 1.1 (0.9, 1.5) | 34 | 1.5 (0.9, 2.3) | 27 | 0.6 (0.4, 1.0) | 45 | 1.2 (0.8, 1.8) |
| Normal (18.5–24.9) | 2750 | 22.7 (21.7, 23.8) | 878 | 22.7 (21.0, 24.5) | 911 | 21.8 (19.9, 23.8) | 961 | 23.5 (21.9, 25.1) |
| Overweight (25–29.9) | 5244 | 37.6 (36.3, 38.8) | 1681 | 38.0 (35.6, 40.4) | 1810 | 37.9 (35.6, 40.3) | 1753 | 36.9 (35.238.6) |
| Obese (≥30) | 5751 | 38.6 (37.3, 39.9) | 1851 | 37.9 (35.5, 40.3) | 1989 | 39.6 (37.3, 42.1) | 1911 | 38.4 (36.5, 40.4) |
| Center | ||||||||
| Bronx | 3204 | 26.8 (24.1, 29.7) | 1900 | 46.1 (39.7, 52.7) | 987 | 27.5 (21.8, 34.0) | 317 | 8.0 (4.9, 12.8) |
| Chicago | 3662 | 16.7 (14.7, 18.8) | 1472 | 21.0 (16.5, 26.3) | 1301 | 19.9 (15.0, 26.0) | 889 | 9.8 (6.3, 15.0) |
| Miami | 3543 | 30.3 (26.2, 34.8) | 94 | 2.9 (1.7, 4.7) | 347 | 10.9 (7.8, 15.0) | 3102 | 72.4 (64.8, 79.0) |
| San Diego | 3442 | 26.3 (23.0, 29.8) | 978 | 30.0 (23.1, 38.0) | 2102 | 41.7 (35.1, 48.6) | 362 | 9.8 (5.7, 16.2) |
Census tract-level Mortgage Foreclosure Risk: Low: foreclosure rates ≤6.65%; Medium: 6.65–8.44%; High: > 8.44% in the HCHS/SOL cohort
Hypertension is defined as: systolic or diastolic BP is greater than or equal to 140/90 mmHg or if the participant self-reported as currently taking antihypertensive mediations. Participants without a blood pressure measurement and no medication use were assumed to be not hypertensive
Dyslipidemia is defined as: total cholesterol ≥240 or Low Density Lipoprotein cholesterol ≥160 or High Density Lipoprotein cholesterol < 40 or use of lipid lowering drugs