Table 3.

Body structure and function outcomes after video game intervention

Author	Control or Comparison group		Experimental group		Outcome measure	Experiment improvement?	Effect over control?
	N	Intervention	N	Video game intervention
Level 2: Strength
Bonney et al. [36]	22	Task-oriented Training	21	Nintendo Wii	1 FSM item	✔	No diff
					Isometric Strengthd	✔	No diff
Bonney et al. [38]e	–	–	57	Nintendo Wii	FSM items	✔	N/A
Level 3: Strength
Ferguson et al. [40]	27	Neuromotor training	19	Nintendo Wii	FSM total score	✖	✖a
					FSM items	✔b	✖a
					Isometric Strengthd	✖	✖
Smits-Engelsman et al. [47]e	–	–	17	Nintendo Wii	FSM lower limb items	✔	N/A
Level 2: Anaerobic performance
Bonney et al. [36]	22	Task-oriented Training	21	Nintendo Wii	10x5m sprints	✔	No diff
					10x5m slalom sprints	✔	No diff
Bonney et al. [38]e	–	–	57	Nintendo Wii	10x5m sprints	✖	N/A
					10x5m slalom sprints	✔	N/A
Level 3: Anaerobic performance
Ferguson et al. [40]	27	Neuromotor training	19	Nintendo Wii	Muscle Power Sprint Test	✔	✖a
Smits-Engelsman et al. [47]e	–	–	17	Nintendo Wii	10x5m sprints	✔	N/A
					10x5m slalom sprints	✔	N/A
Level 2: Aerobic fitness
Bonney et al. [36]	22	Task-oriented Training	21	Nintendo Wii	20 m shuttle run test	✖	✖
Level 3: Aerobic fitness
Ferguson et al. [40]	27	Neuromotor training	19	Nintendo Wii	20 m shuttle run test	✖	✖a
Level 2: Static and dynamic balance (force plate)
Ju et al. [45]	12	No intervention	12	Nintendo Wii	Static force plate measures	✔c	✔c
					Dynamic force plate measures	✔	✔
Straker et al. [49]	21	No intervention	21	PlayStation3 Move and Eye	Static force plate measures	NR	No diff
				Xbox 360 Kinect

✔, significant improvement/effect; ✖, no significant improvement/effect; ✖^a, control/comparison group had significantly greater improvements; No diff, no difference between experimental and comparison/control group; N/A, not applicable due to study design; NR, not reported in article; FSM, Functional Strength Measure; ^bone item out of eight (lifting a box) showed significant improvement after experimental intervention; ^cduration of single leg standing showed significant experimental improvements and effect over control, but no improvements were shown for the centre of pressure trajectory in either group; ^disometric strength taken from the knee extensors, ankle plantarflexors and ankle dorsiflexors by Bonney et al. [36] and from the elbow flexors, elbow extensors, knee extensors and grip strength by Ferguson et al. [40]; ^econtrol/comparison group included typically developing children or variation of video game intervention