Table 5.
Adjusted ORs of factors associated with Plasmodium falciparum parasite infection among children aged 0–15 years surveyed between April 2015 and June 2016 in western Kenya
| Characteristics | OR* (95% confidence interval) | P† |
|---|---|---|
| Demographical | ||
| Age, years | 0.22 | |
| 0–5 | Ref | |
| 6–10 | 1.22 (0.77, 1.95) | |
| ≥ 11 | 0.85 (0.40, 1.80) | |
| Gender | 0.06 | |
| Female | Ref | |
| Male | 0.70 (0.48, 1.01) | |
| Geographical | ||
| Malaria endemicity | < 0.01 | |
| Highland epidemic | Ref | |
| Lake endemic | 3.46 (1.63, 7.37) | |
| Parental characteristics | ||
| Father’s occupation | 0.05 | |
| Trader/sales | Ref | |
| Peasant farmer | 1.87 (1.08, 3.26) | |
| Manual laborer | 1.83 (1.00, 3.37) | |
| Malaria prevention | ||
| Indoor residual insecticide sprayed in house | 0.05 | |
| No | Ref | |
| Yes | 0.44 (0.19, 1.01) | |
| Home characteristics | ||
| Connected to electricity grid | 0.04 | |
| No | Ref | |
| Yes | 0.47 (0.22, 0.98) | |
| Number of rooms in house | 0.08 | |
| 1 room | Ref | |
| 2 rooms | 0.45 (0.22, 0.93) | |
| ≥ 3 rooms | 0.41 (0.18, 0.93) | |
| Animals kept near or inside house | ||
| Pigs | 0.36 | |
| No | Ref | |
| Yes | 1.52 (0.62, 3.75) | |
| Cows | 0.09 | |
| No | Ref | |
| Yes | 1.60 (0.92, 2.78) | |
| Dogs | 0.06 | |
| No | Ref | |
| Yes | 1.61 (0.97, 2.68) | |
OR = odds ratio.
*
All variables in the table are adjusted for one another (see Methods).
†
The P value is for heterogeneity.