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Handheld lactate measurement taken at hospital admission accurately discriminates fatal from nonfatal pediatric pneumonia. Shown are receiver–operator characteristic (ROC) curves for (A) lactate (area under ROC [AUROC] 0.76), (B) Composite clinical score Pediatric Early Death Index for Africa (PEDIA) (AUROC 0.73), and (C) PEDIA augmented with lactate (AUROC 0.81). Of note, the predictive value of lactate + PEDIA was statistically greater than PEDIA alone (P = 0.0019).
