Table 1.
Clinical characteristics of study populations according to the clinical diagnosis of MetS
| Men | Women | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| without MetS | With MetS | P-value | Without MetS | With MetS | P-value | |
| (n=5,453) | (n=1,915) | (n=7,510) | (n=2,282) | |||
| Age (years) | 37.27±0.21 | 54.86±0.29 | <0.001 | 42.57±0.28 | 59.34±0.42 | <0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 22.13±0.4 | 26.27±0.07 | <0.001 | 22.4±0.15 | 26.23±0.11 | <0.001 |
| WC (cm) | 75.28±0.13 | 89.69±0.18 | <0.001 | 75.26±0.17 | 87.91±0.28 | <0.001 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 111±0.18 | 128.51±0.31 | <0.001 | 109.89±0.27 | 130.64±0.46 | <0.001 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 71.98±0.14 | 80.98±0.20 | <0.001 | 70.79±0.18 | 79.22±0.27 | <0.001 |
| FBS (mg/dL) | 91.95±0.17 | 111.89±0.52 | <0.001 | 90.80±0.20 | 111.11±0.83 | <0.001 |
| HDL (mg/dL) | 55.06±0.14 | 44.37±0.20 | <0.001 | 57.93±0.19 | 46.14±0.28 | <0.001 |
| TG (mg/dL) | 105.44±0.85 | 220.04±3.25 | <0.001 | 91.28±0.78 | 187.08±3.01 | <0.001 |
| Mean IOP (mmHg) | 13.86±0.05 | 14.43±0.07 | <0.001 | 13.68±0.06 | 14.29±0.08 | <0.001 |
| Left IOP (mmHg) | 13.86±0.05 | 14.44±0.07 | <0.001 | 13.67±0.06 | 14.32±0.09 | <0.001 |
| Right IOP (mmHg) | 13.86±0.05 | 14.41±0.07 | <0.001 | 13.69±0.06 | 14.27±0.09 | <0.001 |
| Ocular hypertension | 28 (0.5) | 21 (1.3) | 0.012 | 14 (0.2) | 18 (0.7) | 0.016 |
| HOMA-IR ≥ 2.34 | 1,504 (30.4) | 1,276 (67.9) | <0.001 | 1,869 (27.8) | 1,539 (70.4) | <0.001 |
| QUICKI ≤ 0.33 | 1,059 (21.2) | 1,073 (56.5) | <0.001 | 1,232 (18.2) | 1,293 (59.9) | <0.001 |
| Heavy drinkers (%) | 3,729 (74.0) | 1,293 (74.2) | 0.001 | 2,373 (36.0) | 418 (22.1) | <0.001 |
| Current smoking (%) | 2,350 (52.7) | 739 (53.5) | <0.001 | 442 (6.9) | 107 (5.7) | 0.049 |
| Regular exercise | 3,140 (58.2) | 1,044 (53.8) | 0.007 | 3,860 (52.2) | 1,146 (50.0) | 0.18 |
| Adequate sleep duration | 3,173 (58.9) | 1,137 (57.8) | 0.438 | 4,587 (52.4) | 1,212 (53.2) | <0.001 |
Notes: Data are presented as mean ± standard error or unweighted number (%). The definition of ocular hypertension was a mean IOP >21 mmHg.
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; FBS, fasting blood sugar; HDL, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HOMA-IR, Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance; IOP, intraocular pressure; MetS, metabolic syndrome; QUICKI, quantitative insulin-sensitivity check index; TG, triglycerides; WC, waist circumference.