TABLE 2—

Generalized Estimating Equations for Predicting Proportion of Tract Area Flooded: Greater Houston Metropolitan Statistical Area, Texas, 2017

	Model 1			Model 2			Model 3
Variable	Βa (95% CI)	Exp (Β)	Wald’s χ2	Βa (95% CI)	Exp (Β)	Wald’s χ2	Βa (95% CI)	Exp (Β)	Wald’s χ2
Proportion non-Hispanic Black	0.044 (0.025, 0.062)	1.045	21.314**				0.049 (0.028, 0.071)	1.050	20.485**
Proportion Hispanic	0.026 (0.001, 0.051)	1.026	3.583*				0.028 (−0.004, 0.060)	1.028	2.970
Proportion Asian	−0.014 (−0.041, 0.013)	0.986	1.004				−0.008 (−0.032, 0.016)	0.992	0.392
Proportion non-Hispanic Other	−0.011 (−0.030, 0.008)	0.989	1.327				−0.006 (0.025, −0.062)	0.994	0.311
Socioeconomic deprivation				0.062 (0.040, 0.085)	1.064	29.115*	0.030 (0.001, 0.060)	1.030	3.287*
Proportion owner-occupied housing units				0.032 (0.009, 0.056)	1.033	7.377**	0.037 (0.017, 0.058)	1.038	12.555**
Proportion vacant: seasonal/recreational use				0.010 (−0.008, 0.028)	1.010	1.206	0.020 (0.001, 0.039)	1.020	4.063*
Intercept	−0.598 (−0.624, −0.572)		2052.446	−0.601 (−0.626, −0.576)		2237.016	−0.602 (−0.623, −0.581)		3178.916

Note. CI = confidence interval. There were 1063 census tracts in the sample.

^aPopulation-averaged estimate; QIC (quasi-likelihood under the independence model criterion) = 39.158 (model 1), 37.271 (model 2), and 43.737 (model 3).

^*P < .05; **P < .01.