Table 3.
Availability of and access to management and referral guidelines for kidney care across 116 countries
| Region | AKI management and referral guidelines |
CKD management and referral guidelines |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| National | Regional | International | None | National | Regional | International | None | |
| Overall | 8 (7) | 1 (1) | 52 (45) | 55 (47) | 31 (27) | 1 (1) | 60 (52) | 24 (21) |
| ISN region | ||||||||
| Africa | 2 (7) | 0 (0) | 8 (27) | 20 (67) | 4 (13) | 0 (0) | 13 (43) | 13 (43) |
| Eastern and Central Europe | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 15 (94) | 1 (6) | 2 (13) | 0 (0) | 13 (81) | 1 (6) |
| LAC | 1 (6) | 0 (0) | 7 (44) | 8 (50) | 9 (56) | 0 (0) | 7 (44) | 0 (0) |
| Middle East | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 5 (38) | 8 (62) | 1 (8) | 1 (8) | 8 (62) | 3 (23) |
| NIS and Russia | 2 (33) | 0 (0) | 3 (50) | 1 (17) | 1 (17) | 0 (0) | 5 (83) | 0 (0) |
| North America | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 2 (100) | 0 (0) | 1 (50) | 0 (0) | 1 (50) | 0 (0) |
| North and East Asia | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 2 (33) | 4 (67) | 3 (50) | 0 (0) | 3 (50) | 0 (0) |
| OSEA | 2 (15) | 1 (8) | 3 (23) | 7 (54) | 6 (46) | 0 (0) | 2 (15) | 5 (38) |
| South Asia | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (20) | 4 (80) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 3 (60) | 2 (40) |
| Western Europe | 1 (11) | 0 (0) | 6 (67) | 2 (22) | 4 (44) | 0 (0) | 5 (56) | 0 (0) |
| World Bank Income Group | ||||||||
| Low income | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 3 (18) | 14 (82) | 1 (6) | 0 (0) | 6 (35) | 10 (59) |
| Lower middle income | 5 (16) | 0 (0) | 11 (35) | 15 (48) | 7 (23) | 0 (0) | 16 (52) | 8 (26) |
| Upper middle income | 1 (3) | 1 (3) | 14 (47) | 14 (47) | 9 (30) | 0 (0) | 16 (53) | 5 (17) |
| High income | 2 (5) | 0 (0) | 24 (63) | 12 (32) | 14 (37) | 1 (3) | 22 (58) | 1 (3) |
AKI, acute kidney injury; CKD, chronic kidney disease; ISN, International Society of Nephrology; LAC, Latin America and the Caribbean; NIS, Newly Independent States (of the former Soviet Union); OSEA, Oceania and Southeast Asia. Values are n (%).