Table 4.
Self-reported barriers to optimal kidney disease care and RRT across countries
| Region | Optimal kidney disease care (n = 110) |
Optimal renal replacement therapy (n = 116) |
||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Geographya | Physicianb | Patientc | Nephrologistsd | Health care systeme | Other | Geographya | Physicianb | Patientc | Nephrologistsd | Health care systeme | Other | |
| Overall | 81 (74) | 92 (84) | 100 (91) | 22 (20) | 22 (20) | 8 (7) | 82 (71) | 75 (65) | 90 (78) | 83 (72) | 85 (73) | 40 (34) |
| ISN region | ||||||||||||
| Africa | 28 (97) | 23 (79) | 26 (90) | 7 (24) | 7 (24) | 0 (0) | 25 (83) | 22 (73) | 21 (70) | 25 (83) | 29 (97) | 6 (20) |
| Eastern and Central Europe | 5 (38) | 11 (85) | 13 (100) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 5 (31) | 4 (25) | 9 (56) | 7 (44) | 9 (56) | 5 (31) |
| LAC | 13 (81) | 13 (81) | 11 (69) | 13 (81) | 13 (81) | 6 (38) | 13 (81) | 9 (56) | 12 (75) | 13 (81) | 4 (25) | 3 (19) |
| Middle East | 6 (50) | 11 (92) | 12 (100) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 6 (46) | 10 (77) | 11 (85) | 9 (69) | 12 (92) | 5 (38) |
| NIS and Russia | 5 (83) | 4 (67) | 5 (83) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 5 (83) | 3 (50) | 6 (100) | 4 (67) | 3 (50) | 1 (17) |
| North America | 1 (50) | 2 (100) | 2 (100) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (50) | 1 (50) | 2 (100) | 2 (100) | 2 (100) | 1 (50) |
| North and East Asia | 2 (33) | 6 (100) | 6 (100) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 4 (67) | 4 (67) | 6 (100) | 4 (67) | 4 (67) | 4 (67) |
| OSEA | 11 (85) | 13 (100) | 13 (100) | 1 (8) | 1 (8) | 1 (8) | 12 (92) | 13 (100) | 13 (100) | 12 (92) | 13 (100) | 8 (62) |
| South Asia | 5 (100) | 5 (100) | 5 (100) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 5 (100) | 5 (100) | 5 (100) | 5 (100) | 5 (100) | 2 (40) |
| Western Europe | 5 (63) | 4 (50) | 7 (88) | 1 (13) | 1 (13) | 1 (13) | 6 (67) | 4 (44) | 5 (56) | 2 (22) | 4 (44) | 5 (56) |
| World Bank Income Group | ||||||||||||
| Low income | 16 (94) | 15 (88) | 16 (94) | 6 (35) | 6 (35) | 1 (6) | 15 (88) | 14 (82) | 14 (82) | 14 (82) | 17 (100) | 4 (24) |
| Lower middle income | 28 (93) | 26 (87) | 28 (93) | 5 (17) | 5 (17) | 2 (7) | 28 (90) | 22 (71) | 26 (84) | 29 (94) | 24 (77) | 11 (35) |
| Upper middle income | 24 (83) | 24 (83) | 24 (83) | 8 (28) | 6 (21) | 2 (7) | 23 (77) | 21 (70) | 24 (80) | 24 (80) | 21 (70) | 6 (20) |
| High income | 13 (38) | 27 (79) | 32 (94) | 3 (9) | 5 (15) | 3 (9) | 16 (42) | 18 (47) | 26 (68) | 16 (42) | 23 (61) | 19 (50) |
ISN, International Society of Nephrology; LAC, Latin America and the Caribbean; NIS, Newly Independent States (of the former Soviet Union); OSEA, Oceania and Southeast Asia, RRT, renal replacement therapy. Values are n (%).
a
Distance from care or prolonged travel time.
b
Availability, access, knowledge, attitude.
c
Knowledge, attitude.
d
Availability.
e
Availability, access, capability.