Table 1.

Demographics, Resource Utilization, and Clinical Outcomes of Patients with Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock Identified by Prospective Screening, Compared to All Other PICU Admissions

Patient Characteristic	CHOP Sepsis Registry Patients (n=401)	All Other CHOP VPS Patients (n=7058)	pa
Age in years, median (IQR)	7 (2–14)	5 (1–12)	0.001*
Weight in kg, median (IQR)	24 (12–45)	18 (11–41)	0.047*
Male gender, n (%)	220 (55)	3957 (56)	0.637
Race, n (%)			0.190
White	178 (44)	3433 (49)
Black	109 (27)	1937 (27)
Hispanic / Latino	37 (9)	382 (5)
Asian	16 (4)	251 (4)
Other / Mixed	61 (16)	1055 (15)
Admission source, n (%)			<0.001*
Emergency department	236 (59)	3053 (43)
Inpatient ward	99 (25)	961 (14)
Operating room	19 (5)	2333 (33)
Another hospital’s ICU	30 (7)	178 (3)
Other	17 (4)	533 (8)
PIM-2 risk of mortality, median (IQR)	2.9 (1.0–4.7)	0.8 (0.2–1.2)	<0.001*
PRISM-III score, median (IQR)	8 (4–14)	0 (0–3)	<0.001*
Cardiac arrest prior to admission, n (%)	10 (3)	79 (1)	0.014*
Oncologic diagnosis, n (%)	73 (18)	587 (8)	<0.001*
Conventional mechanical ventilation, n (%)	258 (64)	1799 (24)	<0.001*
Advanced mode of ventilationb, n (%)	72 (18)	84 (1)	<0.001*
Hemodialysis, n (%)	14 (3)	56 (1)	<0.001*
Extracorporeal support, n (%)	12 (3)	9 (0.1)	<0.001*
PICU LOS in days, median (IQR)	9 (3–19)	2 (1–4)	<0.001*
PICU mortality, n (%)	34 (8)	79 (1)	<0.001*

^aWilcoxon rank-sum test for continuous variables, Chi-squared test for categorical variables

^bAdvanced modes of ventilation include high frequency oscillatory ventilation, volume diffusive respirator, and airway pressure release ventilation.

^*Significance at the α = 0.05 level

Abbreviations:

IQR = interquartile range; ICU = intensive care unit; PIM = paediatric index of mortality; PRISM = pediatric risk of mortality; PICU = pediatric intensive care unit; LOS = length of stay