. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Feb 1.

Published in final edited form as: Crit Care Med. 2019 Feb;47(2):e129–e135. doi: 10.1097/CCM.0000000000003541

Table 2.

Performance Characteristics of Each VPS Screening Algorithm, as Compared to Reference Standard Cohort

Performance Characteristic	Explicit Codes	Martin Codes	Angus Codes
Sensitivity (95% CI)	72.8% (68.2–77.1)	82.0% (77.9–85.7)	76.6% (72.1–80.6)
Specificity (95% CI)	96.8% (96.4–97.2)	90.9% (90.2–91.6)	84.7% (83.8–85.5)
Cohen’s κ (95% CI)	0.61 (0.59–0.63)	0.43 (0.41–0.45)	0.28 (0.26–0.30)
PPV (95% CI)	56.7% (52.4–61.0)	33.9% (30.9–36.9)	22.1% (19.9–24.3)
F₁ score (95% CI)	0.64 (0.60–0.68)	0.48 (0.45–0.51)	0.34 (0.32–0.37)

Abbreviations:

CI = confidence interval; PPV = positive predictive value