Fig. 4. The effect of treatment with flavonoid of Mespilus germanica leaves (10 mg/kg) on serum tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). The data is presented as the mean ± standard error for 8 animals per group. ^*P = 0.035, ovariectomized (OVX) + saline (SAL) group compared with sham-operated (SHAM) group, ^†P = 0.010 OVX + flavonoid (FLA) group compared with OVX + SAL group.