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. 2019 Jan 17;14:26. doi: 10.1186/s11671-018-2834-5

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© The Author(s). 2019

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.

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Fig. 3 — Changes in the characteristics of gut microbiota in exposed rats in the course of pregnancy. a The alpha-diversity of gut microbiome revealed by Shannon, Simpson, and Chao1 index. b The beta-diversity was revealed by NMDS analysis. c The unique and sharing OTUs numbers were presented in Venn diagram. D0 Test means samples collected from rats before exposure to TiO₂ NPs, d10 Test, and d17 Test means samples collected from exposed rats at GD 10 and GD 17, respectively