FIGURE 2.

Framework for sex differences in dyslexia brain anatomy. (A) Hypothetical relationship between gray matter volume and fetal testosterone. At baseline, males (dotted blue line) may have greater volume of sensory/motor structures (solid orange line) and lesser volume within traditional language network regions (solid green line) compared to females (dotted red line), mediated by fetal testosterone. Adapted with permission from doctoral dissertation (Evans, 2013). (B) Hypothetical overlap between volumetric reductions the language network in males with ectopias observed post mortem. Reduced GMV and neural migration errors may overlap in the language network of males with dyslexia.