Table 1.
Sex differences in MRI studies of dyslexia.
| Article | Subject demographics | Description of dyslexia sex differences | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sex | Age (years) | ||
| Sandu et al., 2008 | Control: 8M, 10F | Control: 13.5 | Control females had greater RH GMV, greater WB/LH/RH WMV, and lower GMV/WMV ratio than females with dyslexia, but no significant differences in male comparisons |
| Dyslexia: 8M, 5F | Dyslexia: 13.2 | ||
| Altarelli et al., 2013-Study 1 | Control: 11M, 8F | Control: 11.58 | Thicker functionally relevant occipito-temporal cortex in female controls compared to females with dyslexia, but no difference in male comparisons |
| Dyslexia: 10M, 8F | Dyslexia: 11.75 | ||
| Altarelli et al., 2013-Study 2 | Control (age-matched): 7M, 6F | Control (age): 9.75 | Thicker functionally relevant occipito-temporal cortex in female controls compared to females with dyslexia, but no difference in male comparisons |
| Control (reading-matched): 7M, 6F | Control (read): 6.67 | ||
| Dyslexia: 7M, 6F | Dyslexia: 9.83 | ||
| Clark et al., 2014∗ | Control: 8M, 5F | Control: 11.7 | Thicker cortex in several regions throughout LH in male controls compared to males with dyslexia, but no differences in the female comparisons |
| Dyslexia: 5M, 6F | Dyslexia: 11.9 | ||
| Evans et al., 2014∗∗ | Adult Control: 14M, 13F | Adult Female Control: 27.9 | Greater GMV in male controls compared to males with dyslexia mostly in regions within the traditional reading network, while female controls show greater GMV compared to females with dyslexia in sensorimotor regions |
| Child Control: 15M, 17F | Adult Female Dyslexia: 34.0 | ||
| Adult Dyslexia: 14M, 13F | Child Female Control: 9.1 | ||
| Child Dyslexia: 15M, 17F | Child Female Dyslexia: 10.1 | ||
| Adult Male Control: 41.1 | |||
| Adult Male Dyslexia: 42.9 | |||
| Child Male Control: 8.3 | |||
| Child Male Dyslexia: 9.6 | |||
| Altarelli et al., 2014 | Control: 20M, 15F | Control: 11.0 | Greater rightward asymmetry of planum temporale surface area in males with dyslexia, but not in females with dyslexia |
| Dyslexia: 25M, 21F | Dyslexia: 11.0 | ||
| Su et al., 2018 | Control: 11M, 11F | Control: 11.1 | Greater axial diffusivity of left inferior longitudinal fasciculus in control females compared to females with dyslexia, but no difference between male groups |
| Dyslexia: 11M, 7F | Dyslexia: 11.1 | ||
∗Subject demographics given only for the portion of study relevant to sex differences. ∗∗Evans et al. (2014) separately examined males and females (and adults and children) resulting in eight different groups. M, male; F, female; WB, whole brain; LH, left hemisphere; RH, right hemisphere; GMV, gray matter volume; WMV, white matter volume.