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. 2019 Jan 11;11:493. doi: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00493

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Copyright © 2019 Chen, Du and Chen.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

PMC Copyright notice

A scheme describing the possible mechanisms of PACAP-induced neuroprotective effects in Alzheimer's disease. PACAP protects against Aβ-induced neurotoxicity by activation of cAMP, BDNF, Bcl-2, Aβ-degrading enzyme and deactivation of caspase-3. Furthermore, PACAP increases α-secretase activation and then enhances secretion of sAPPα through both the MAPK and PI3K pathways. PACAP, pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide; PACAPR, pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide receptors; BDNF, brain-derived neurotrophic factor. The internal and external circles represent the inner and outer leaflets of the cellular membrane.