Table 3.
Association between sociodemographic, clinical and stigma-related characteristics with self-identification as having a mental illness as measured by the SELF-I, linear regression models
| Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 | Model 5 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| β (95% CI) | Adj. R-sq. | β (95% CI) | β (95% CI) | β (95% CI) | β (95% CI) | |
| Sociodemographic characteristics | ||||||
| Gender | ||||||
| Male | − 0.27** (− 0.42, − 0.11) | − 0.27*** (− 0.43, − 0.11) | − 0.22** (− 0.37, − 0.08) | − 0.17* (− 0.31, − 0.03) | − 0.14* (− 0.28, − 0.002) | |
| Female | Reference | 0.03 | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Age group | 0.02 | |||||
| 13–17 | − 0.01 (− 0.22, 0.21) | 0.02 (− 0.20, 0.23) | − 0.10 (− 0.29, 0.11) | − 0.07 (− 0.26, 0..11) | − 0.10 (− 0.24, 0.12) | |
| 18–20 | 0.1 (− 0.13, 0.27) | 0.10 (− 0.13, 0.28) | 0.01 (− 0.18, 0.20) | − 0.004 (− 0.18, 0.17) | − 0.01 (− 0.18, 0.16) | |
| 21–24 | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | |
| Ethnicity | 0.001 | |||||
| Black | − 0.05 (− 0.22, 0.13) | − 0.10 (− 0.25, 0.11) | − 0.10 (− 0.26, 0.08) | − 0.10 (− 0.26, 0.06) | − 0.06 (− 0.22, 0.10) | |
| Asian | − 0.01 (− 0.32, 0.31) | − 0.02 (− 0.32, − 0.30) | − 0.10 (− 0.34, 0.23) | 0.002 (− 0.26, 0.27) | 0.06 (− 0.21, 0.32) | |
| Other | 0.04 (− 0.33, 0.40) | − 0.01 (− 0.32, 0.30) | − 0.10 (− 0.42, 0.26) | − 0.10 (− 0.40, 0.23) | − 0.05 (− 0.36, 0.26) | |
| White | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | |
| Index of multiple deprivation decile | − 0.02 (− 0.05, 0.01) | 0.01 | − 0.03 (− 0.06, 0.01) | − 0.02 (− 0.05, 0.01) | − 0.01 (− 0.04, 0.02) | − 0.02 (− 0.05, 0.01) |
| Mental health characteristics | ||||||
| SDQ classification | 0.10 | |||||
| Abnormal | 1.31*** (0.85, 1.77) | 1.22*** (0.76, 1.67) | 0.88*** (0.46, 1.30) | 0.82*** (0.40, 1.23) | ||
| Borderline | 0.58*** (0.31, 0.85) | 0.47*** (0.20, 0.74) | 0.32* (0.07, 0.57) | 0.36** (0.12, 0.61) | ||
| Normal | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | |
| PLE total score | 0.65*** (0.40, 0.89) | 0.06 | 0.48*** (0.24, 0.73) | 0.36** (0.14, 0.58) | 0.37* (0.14, 0.59) | |
| Service use in past year | ||||||
| Health service use | 1.18*** (0.97, 1.39) | 0.23 | 0.93*** (0.72, 1.15) | 0.92*** (0.71, 1.13) | ||
| Education service use | 0.83*** (0.38, 1.27) | 0.03 | 0.33 (− 0.09, 0.76) | 0.36 (− 0.06, 0.79) | ||
| Stigma variables | ||||||
| RIBS total score | 0.23*** (0.10, 0.37) | 0.04 | ***0.18 (0.07, 0.28) | |||
| Adj. R-sq. | 0.04 | 0.17 | 0.32 | 0.34 | ||
SDQ Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, PLE psychotic-like experiences within the last year, RIBS reported and Intended Behaviour Scale
*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001