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. 2019 Jan 17;9:172. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-36890-3

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Dietary emulsifiers decrease preference for social novelty in female mice. (A) There was no significant main effect of emulsifier consumption [F_(2,28) = 1.08, p = 0.35] or sex [F_(1,28) = 0.00003 p = 0.99] on the preference for investigating a novel, conspecific mouse during the sociability test in the three-chambered sociability apparatus. In addition, there was no sex by treatment interaction on this measure [F_(2,28) = 0.67, p = 0.52] (B). Emulsifier treatment and sex interacted on the preference for investigating a second novel, conspecific mouse during the preference for social novelty test in the three-chambered sociability apparatus [F_(2,29) = 3.71, p < 0.05]. In addition, post-hoc comparisons indicate that treatment with CMC significantly decreased the preferences of female mice for the novel mouse (*p < 0.05). Data are represented as means + SEM (n = 5–6).