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. 2019 Jan 17;9:172. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-36890-3

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Dietary emulsifiers induce a syndrome of behavioral, physiological, and neural changes. Multivariate analysis of the impact of emulsifiers on synergistic changes in behavioral measures, physiological parameters, and immunoreactivity of neuropeptides in the PVT. The canonical discriminant function plots and Wilk’s lambda revealed significant separation of groups by sex and emulsifier treatment Λ = 0.003, Χ²(138.194) = 73.182, p < 0.001. The group centroids for Function 1 are located in opposite directions with respect to the water-treated controls.