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. 2019 Jan 17;10:301. doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-08121-w

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 5 — Prefrontal activations involved in computing choices. a Topography of frontal activations negatively correlated with relative chosen normalised utilities (v_chosen–v_unchosen) and with relative chosen state beliefs (B_chosen–B_unchosen) with no interactions between these factors (p > 0.05, uncorrected), from model MIX. Activations are thresholded at p < 0.05 (T-tests, voxel-wise corrected for family-wise errors over the frontal lobes: MNI coordinate Y > 0; cluster-wise threshold p < 0.05) and superimposed on sagittal and coronal anatomical slices (MNI template, X = −6 and Y = 32). Frontal activations are located in the dmPFC. See Supplementary Table 4 for coordinates of activation peaks. b, left: sizes of linear effects (betas) for relative chosen beliefs and normalised utilities (green and orange, resp.) averaged over the dmPFC activation cluster shown in a (leave-one-out procedure removing selection biases). b, right: activations averaged over the dmPFC activation cluster shown in a and plotted against relative chosen beliefs (no quadratic component factored out) and normalised utilities (the quadratic component being factored out is shown in Fig. 7), z-scored within each participant. All error bars are s.e.m. across participants (N = 21)