Figure 4.

Kaempferol induces cell cycle arrest of sensitive and 5-FU-resistant cancer cells. (a) Cell cycle phase distribution of cancer cells cultured in the absence (mock) and the presence of Kaempferol (75 µM) alone or combined to 60 µM of 5-FU for 72 h were analyzed by flow cytometry using propidium iodide assay. Results were represented as mean ± SE of three independent experiments. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.005 when compared to their respective CN, ^#p < 0.05, ^##p < 0.01 (Kaempferol + 5-FU groups vs Keampferol groups) and ns: non significant. Cell cycle-related proteins were analyzed by western blotting in (b) 5-FU resistant cells versus parental cells and (c) after cell treatments with Kaempferol, 5-FU, and the combination of both for 72 h. β-actin was used as a loading control. The data shown are representative of three independent experiments.