Table 3.
Mutually adjusted demographic and childhood psychosocial challenges predicting Obesity and Extreme Obesity by gender among U.S. adults age 18–64 who were NOT overweight in childhood (N = 24,350)
| Obese vs. not obese | Difference in OR by gender | Extreme obese vs. not extreme obese | Difference in OR by gender | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male | Female | p-Value all interaction | Male | Female | p-Value all interaction | ||
| ORa (95% CI) | ORa (95% CI) | ORa (95% CI) | ORa (95% CI) | ||||
| Demographics | |||||||
| Age | 35–49 | 2.07 (1.81, 2.36) | 2.23 (1.95, 2.56) | 0.84 | 1.90 (1.32, 2.73) | 1.87 (1.50, 2.33) | 0.77 |
| (refs. 18–34) | 50–64 | 2.30 (1.99, 2.65) | 2.60 (2.25, 3.00) | 0.33 | 2.21 (1.55, 3.15) | 1.95 (1.54, 2.46) | 0.49 |
| Region (ref = North) | Midwest | 1.27 (1.07, 1.51) | 1.11 (0.91, 1.35) | 0.29 | 1.17 (0.77, 1.76) | 1.03 (0.70, 1.50) | 0.61 |
| South | 1.18 (1.00, 1.38) | 1.13 (0.93, 1.37) | 0.64 | 1.06 (0.7, 1.62) | 1.11 (0.80, 1.53) | 0.52 | |
| West | 1.02 (0.80, 1.29) | 0.93 (0.75, 1.15) | 0.75 | 1.06 (0.63, 1.81) | 0.95 (0.63, 1.43) | 0.75 | |
| Race/ethnicity (ref = White) | Black | 1.28 (1.11, 1.48) | 2.31 (2.02, 2.64) | 0.00 | 1.23 (0.87, 1.73) | 2.24 (1.73, 2.90) | 0.02 |
| Amer. Indian | 1.49 (1.05, 2.10) | 1.80 (1.23, 2.62) | 0.78 | 1.75 (0.83, 3.7) | 2.18 (1.32, 3.59) | 0.63 | |
| Asian | 0.53 (0.37, 0.76) | 0.44 (0.31, 0.62) | 0.12 | 0.59 (0.21, 1.67) | 0.26 (0.09, 0.77) | 0.23 | |
| Hispanic | 1.70 (1.44, 2.02) | 1.73 (1.48, 2.02) | 0.28 | 1.35 (0.86, 2.11) | 1.38 (1.00, 1.89) | 0.96 | |
| Birthplace (ref = U.S.) | Other | 0.63 (0.55, 0.73) | 0.65 (0.54, 0.77) | 0.86 | 0.29 (0.18, 0.47) | 0.56 (0.39, 0.80) | 0.05 |
| Childhood psychosocial challenges before 18 years old | |||||||
| Poverty | Yes | 1.16 (1.00, 1.35) | 1.57 (1.39, 1.77) | 0.00 | 1.33 (0.94, 1.88) | 1.64 (1.27, 2.11) | 0.33 |
| Maltreatment (verbal, physical, or sexual abuse) | Yes | 1.26 (1.11, 1.43) | 1.25 (1.11, 1.40) | 0.91 | 0.97 (0.73, 1.3) | 1.46 (1.18, 1.79) | 0.02 |
| Parental death | Yes | 1.05 (0.88, 1.26) | 1.00 (0.84, 1.20) | 0.73 | 0.99 (0.66, 1.5) | 1.02 (0.75, 1.39) | 0.91 |
| Parental separation (ref = “Always together”) | Never together | 0.88 (0.75, 1.02) | 1.06 (0.91, 1.24) | 0.23 | 0.82 (0.52, 1.3) | 0.90 (0.70, 1.15) | 0.81 |
| Divorced | 0.91 (0.78, 1.05) | 1.02 (0.90, 1.15) | 0.86 | 0.85 (0.58, 1.24) | 0.90 (0.72, 1.14) | 0.94 | |
| Parental mood/anxiety disorder | Yes | 1.02 (0.91, 1.15) | 1.05 (0.94, 1.17) | 0.75 | 1.05 (0.82, 1.36) | 1.07 (0.88, 1.32) | 0.91 |
| Parental substance use disorder | Yes | 1.00 (0.89, 1.12) | 1.00 (0.88, 1.13) | 0.97 | 1.25 (0.88, 1.77) | 1.06 (0.84, 1.33) | 0.43 |
| MDD/Anxiety/PTSDb | Yes | 0.93 (0.78, 1.11) | 1.09 (0.94, 1.26) | 0.21 | 1.33 (0.90, 1.97) | 1.26 (0.96, 1.66) | 0.82 |
| AUD/DUDc | Yes | 0.80 (0.64, 0.99) | 0.68 (0.53, 0.86) | 0.33 | 0.87(0.52,1.44) | 0.62 (0.36, 1.06) | 0.33 |
| Tobacco use disorder | Yes | 1.01 (0.76, 1.35) | 1.04 (0.82, 1.30) | 0.90 | 1.30 (0.77, 2.21) | 0.91 (0.55, 1.5) | 0.34 |
| Childrearing | Yes | 1.37 (1.00, 1.87) | 1.29 (1.10, 1.53) | 0.76 | 1.92 (0.99, 3.71) | 1.11 (0.87, 1.4) | 0.12 |
| Did not finish High School | Yes | 1.14 (0.99, 1.3) | 1.48 (1.30, 1.70) | 0.01 | 1.59 (1.15, 2.21) | 1.95 (1.52, 2.49) | 0.32 |
| C-INDEX | 0.63 | 0.68 | 0.64 | 0.70 | |||
aORs are mutually adjusted for ALL demographic and childhood psychosocial challenges in the tables, listwise deletion N = 10,920 for men, N = 12,184 for women
bIndicator of whether any of major depressive disorder (MDD), anxiety disorder, or PTSD onset before age 18
cIndicator of whether either alcohol use disorder (AUD) or drug use disorder (DUD) onset before age 18