Figure 7.

Free-mannose affects tupanvirus-induced bunch formation in a dose-dependent manner. A. castellanii cells were treated with free-mannose at concentrations ranging from 25 to 1000 mM in PAS solution, and then infected with tupanvirus (M.O.I. of 10). Eight hours post-infection, cells were observed by optical microscopy. As controls, A. castellanii cells cultivated in PAS medium without mannose and uninfected cells were cultured with 600 mM mannose. Bar graphs represent the number of bunches found per ml in different concentrations of mannose. Error bars indicate SDs. The treatment of amoebas with 600 mM mannose did not affect the replication of tupanviruses in amoebas and did not induced cytotoxic effects in uninfected A. castellanii. Scale bar, 200 µm.