Table 2.

Risk Ratios and 95% Confidence Intervals for the Association Between Having Recent Depressive Symptoms and the Risk of an Adverse Outcome Over Time Along the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Treatment Cascade

Depressive Symptom Status	Detectable Viral Loada		Missed Human Immunodeficiency Virus Visit
	Unadjusted	Adjustedb	Unadjusted	Adjusted Set 1c	Adjusted Set 2d
	RR (95% CI)	RR (95% CI)	RR (95% CI)	RR (95% CI)	RR (95% CI)
No depressive symptoms (PHQ-9 <10)	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
Depressive symptoms (PHQ-9 ≥ 10)	1.37 (1.20, 1.56)	1.28 (1.07, 1.53)	1.24 (1.07, 1.39)	1.20 (1.05, 1.36)	1.00 (0.85, 1.18)

RRs and 95% CIs estimated from a generalized estimating equation log binomial model with a robust variance estimator and an exchangeable correlation matrix to account for repeated measures.

Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; PHQ-9, Patient Health Questionnaire-9; RR, risk ratio.

^aDetectable viral load defined as ≥75 copies/mL.

^bAdjusted for site; preexisting mental health, hypertension, or diabetes diagnoses; human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) acquisition group; lagged anxiety level; lagged drug use; lagged alcohol risk; lagged antidepressant use; and lagged depressive symptoms.

^cAdjustment set 1: preexisting hypertension or diabetes diagnoses, gender, race/ethnicity, age, HIV acquisition group, lagged CD4 count, lagged drug use, lagged alcohol risk, lagged antidepressant use, and lagged detectable viral load.

^dAdjustment set 2: all variables in adjustment set 1, as well as preexisting mental health diagnoses, lagged anxiety level, and lagged depressive symptoms.