Figure 4.

Effect of curcumin supplementation on immunological cell types. (A) Expression of HLA-DR by CD45⁺ leukocytes determined by flow cytometry, expressed as percentage of HLA-DR expressing CD45⁺ leukocytes. (B) Expression of HLA-ABC by CD45⁺ leukocytes determined by flow cytometry, shown as mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of HLA-ABC expressed by CD45⁺ leukocytes. (C) Percentage of CD14⁺ monocytes in the total PBMC population determined by flow cytometry. (D) Percentage of CD69-expressing cells within the CD56⁺ CD16⁻ NK cell population measured by flow cytometry. (E) Percentage of ICOS-expressing cells within the CD3⁺ CD4⁻ CD8⁺ T cell population measured by flow cytometry. Each line depicts one patient. Time points are as follows: T0, baseline, T1-day 1 of treatment, T2-day 7 of treatment, T3-day 14 of treatment, T4, 1 week after last CP dose. P values were determined using the Wilcoxon signed rank test (A,B,D) or the one-way repeated measure analysis of variance (ANOVA) test (C,E) with Prism software. ^*P < 0.05.