Autophagy is required for reduction of mtDNA copy number during starvation. A: ratio of mitochondrial to nuclear DNA copy number at day 12 of L1 starvation is plotted for a panel of mutants and normalized as a percentage of wild-type (WT). unc-51 mutants had increased mtDNA copy number (P = 0.03, unpaired t-test, n = 3). B: ratio of mitochondrial:nuclear DNA copy number at day 6 of L1 starvation of atg-18 mutants is shown as percentage of WT. atg-18 mutants had elevated mtDNA copy number (P = 0.03, unpaired t-test, n = 3). C: mtDNA copy number relative to nuclear copy number is plotted over time during L1 starvation for WT, atg-18 mutants, and unc-51 mutants. There is a significant impact of genotype in both cases (atg-18 P = 0.01, 2-way ANOVA, and unc-51 P = 0.002, 2-way ANOVA, n = 3). D: basal oxygen consumption rate (OCR) is plotted for L1 stage WT and unc-51 mutant worms in fed and 1-day-starved conditions. There is a significant interaction between genotype and nutrient condition (P = 0.01, 2-way ANOVA interaction term, n = 2 or 3). Graphs in A–D depict mean values from biological replicates, and error bars represent SE. *P ≤ 0.05; **P ≤ 0.01.