Fig. 4.

High-fat (HF)-fed TSP1^∆Mɸ mice had reduced adipose tissue macrophage infiltration and inflammation. A: plasma TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, MCP-1, and thrombospondin 1 (TSP1) levels were measured by ELISA. B: macrophage accumulation in epididymal adipose tissue (EAT) was determined by anti-F4/80 staining. The positive staining showed brown color as indicated by the red arrowhead. Representative images with enlarged small portions are shown. Positive F4/80 staining area was determined by analyzing the images using NIS-element software. C: expression of macrophage markers, proinflammatory cytokines, and TSP1 in EAT was determined by qPCR and normalized to 18S RNA. LF, low fat. Data are presented as means ± SE (n = 5–9 mice/group). *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, and ****P < 0.0001 (2-way ANOVA).