Impact of short chain fatty acids on the planar crypts. A) Representative fluorescence images of 4 planar crypts under DM/EM, DM+acetate/EM, DM+propionate/EM, or DM+butyrate/EM culture conditions. EdU-incorporation, ALP activity and DNA stained with Hoechst 33342 represented in green, red, and blue, respectively. The white scale bar represents 200 μm. B,C) The EdU+ area (B) and ALP+ area (C) per crypt was normalized against the Hoechst 33342+ area per unit crypt. D) Ratio of Hoechst 33342+ area for the different fatty acids per unit crypt to that of control. Ten crypts each from 2 different mice (total 20 crypts) were analyzed. *, ** and *** indicate P ≤ 0.05, P ≤ 0.01 and P ≤ 0.001, respectively in panels B-D.