Table 1.
Pharmacokinetic parameters.
| Parameter | BH | BF | BM | BS | BC |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| t1/2 (h) | 11.79 ± 3.51 | 9.02 ± 1.46 | 12.13 ± 7.38 | 15.31 ± 15.50 | 16.94 ± 4.66 |
| Tmax (h) | 1.00 ± 0.00 | 0.90 ± 0.22 | 1.00 ± 0.00 | 0.90 ± 0.22 | 1.00 ± 0.00 |
| Cmax (μg/mL) | 4.22 ± 0.87 | 5.47 ± 0.51 | 4.54 ± 0.82 | 4.39 ± 1.25 | 4.30 ± 1.56 |
| AUC0-t (μg mL/h) | 7.21 ± 0.65 | 9.51 ± 1.72 * | 8.77 ± 1.65 | 8.86 ± 1.29 | 7.60 ± 0.94 |
| AUC0-∞ (μg mL/h) | 8.29 ± 0.78 | 10.60 ± 1.68 * | 10.31 ± 1.34 * | 10.89 ± 1.95 * | 9.89 ± 1.28 |
| AUC0-∞ (iv) (μg mL/h) | 14.05 ± 0.22 | 10.26 ± 0.28 | 11.74 ± 0.50 | 10.27 ± 0.52 | 11.83 ± 0.36 |
| MRT0-t (h) | 5.02 ± 0.31 | 5.36 ± 0.66 | 6.08 ± 0.59 | 5.80 ± 0.72 | 5.88 ± 0.70 |
| MRT0-∞ (h) | 9.86 ± 2.75 | 8.72 ± 1.34 | 12.17 ± 5.19 | 15.29 ± 13.55 | 15.89 ± 2.72 |
| Vz/F (L/kg) | 1022.22 ± 262.73 | 631.42 ± 161.00 | 875.12 ± 586.36 | 940.58 ± 777.81 | 1235.01 ± 296.39 |
| Cl/F (L/h/kg) | 60.72 ± 6.00 | 48.10 ± 7.44 * | 49.15 ± 6.46 * | 47.26 ± 9.56 * | 51.12 ± 5.84 * |
| Fr (%) | 127.80 | 124.30 | 131.27 | 119.31 | |
| Fa (%) | 0.708 | 0.970 | 0.848 | 0.968 | 0.841 |
Rats with type 2 diabetes were treated with intragastric administration of 500 mg/kg berberine hydrochloride (BH), berberine fumarate (BF), berberine malate (BM), berberine succinate (BS), and berberine citrate (BC). n = 5, mean ± S.D. * p < 0.05 vs. BH.