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. 2018 Dec 25;20(1):78. doi: 10.3390/ijms20010078

Figure 3.

Figure 3

HO metabolites such as CO, can lead to the secretion of various factors (e.g. BDNF, OPN, SDF-1, and VEGF) associated with the regenerative machinery. These factors can bind to their specific receptors, stimulating signaling axes such as MEK-ERK1/2, and PI3K-Akt in ECs and NSCs, possibly resulting in angiogenesis and neurogenesis.