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Symptoms in P. massoniana after inoculation with nematodes: (A) First stage of pine wilt disease (PWD) (F), middle stage of PWD (M), and last stage of PWD (L). Pines inoculated with ddH2O (1); Pines inoculated with B. xylophilus (2). Relative expression levels of Bx-cpls at PWD development stages (B). The bars indicate standard errors, and different letters indicate significant differences (p < 0.05).
