| ADAR1 | double-stranded RNA-specific adenosine deaminase 1 |
| CBC | cap binding complex |
| CBP | cap binding protein |
| CRM1 | chromosomal maintenance 1 |
| CrPV | cricket paralysis virus |
| DDX3 | DEAD-box polypeptide 3 |
| DIS | dimerization site |
| dsRNA | double strand RNA |
| eIF | eukaryotic initiation factor |
| EMCV | encephalomyocarditis virus |
| Env | envelope |
| HCV | hepatitis C virus |
| HIV-1 | type 1 human immunodeficiency virus |
| IRENE | IRES negative element |
| IRES | internal ribosome entry segment |
| ITAF | IRES trans-acting factor |
| LTR | long terminal repeat |
| Met-tRNAi | initiator methyonyl-transfert RNA |
| MIRES | m6A–induced ribosome engagement site |
| MNK | map kinase-interacting kinase |
| mRNA | messenger RNA |
| m6A | N6-methyladenosine |
| nt | nucleotide |
| ORF | open reading frame |
| PABP | poly(A)-binding protein |
| PBS | primer binding site |
| PCE | post-transcriptional control element |
| PIC | pre-initiation complex |
| PKR | RNA-dependent protein kinase |
| Poly(A) | polyadenylation signal |
| RHA | RNA helicase A |
| RRE | Rev-responsive element |
| RRL | rabbit reticulocyte lysate |
| SD | splice donnor |
| SHAPE | selective 2′-hydroxyl acylation analyzed by primer extension |
| TAR | trans-activation response |
| Tat | trans-acting transcription |
| TC | ternary complex |
| TMG | trimethylguanosine |
| TRBP | TAR RNA binding protein |
| UTR | untranslated region |
| 4E-BP | eIF4E-binding protein |