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. 2018 Dec 24;12(1):43. doi: 10.3390/ma12010043

Table 1.

Plasmon-mediated electrochemical catalysis.

Plasmonic Catalyst Electrode Reaction Electrolyte Comments Ref.
Noble metal-based plasmonic electrocatalysts
Au NPs GCE glucose oxidation PBS (pH 13.7) High alkaline conditions to scavenge holes by OH− [4]
Au nanofiber GCE ethanol and methanol oxidation 0.1 M NaOH Decreased passivation effects [11]
Ag–Au NPs GCE glycerol oxidation 0.1 M NaOH 100% fuel cell power output under visible light [12]
Au NPs, Au NRs, Au NSs GCE ascorbic acid oxidation PBS (pH 7.4) Au NPs have weakest effect [5]
Pt–Ag dendrites GCE ethylene glycol oxidation 1.0 M KOH 1.7-fold increase in catalytic activity under light [29]
Au–Pt NPs FTO ethanol oxidation 1.0 M NaOH 2.6 times enhancement [30]
Ag–Pt nanocages GCE ORR 0.1 M KOH “Hot” electron transfer suppressed formation of peroxide intermediate [13]
Pt/Fe–Au NRs GCE HER 0.5 M H2SO4 1.0 M KOH Photothermal effect results in electrocatalysis enhancement [31]
Pd-tipped Au NRs GCE HER 0.5 M H2SO4 High exchange current density of 1.585 mA/cm2 [32]
PdAg hollow nanoflowers GCE Ethylene glycol oxidation 1.0 M KOH High active surface area of 25.8 m2 g−1 (Pt 9.8 m2 g−1) [33]
Plasmonic metal–semiconductor composites
Au–TiO2 GCE ORR 0.1 M NaOH Activity of 310 mA mg−1 [34]
Au–TiO2 nanotubes Ti foil ethanol oxidation 0.5 M H2SO4 1.0 M KOH 3.6-fold increase with low Au NPs (1.9 at.%) [35]
Au–MnO2 NPs GCE OER 0.1 M KOH 60-mV overpotential [9]
Ni(OH)2–Au GCE OER 1 M KOH Four-fold enhancement, Tafel slope of 35 mV dec−1 [8]
Au–Co/NiMOF GCE OER 1 M KOH 10-fold increase [10]
Au–CuI NPs GCE ethanol oxidation and methylene blue (MB) degradation 1 M KOH 5.6 (ethanol) and 13 times (MB) enhanced activity. [39]
Au–MoS2 GCE HER 0.5 M H2SO4 ∼three-fold increase, turnover of 8.76 s−1 at 300 mV [26]
TiN and doped graphene GCE HER 0.5 M H2SO4 Attained an HER current density of 10 mA/cm2 at a low overpotential of 161 mV. [14]
Au NP@rGO layer@Pd NS GCE Water splitting (OER and HER) 0.1 M KOH Under visible light irradiation 1.9 and 1.1-fold enhanced HER and OER activity, respectively. [40]

Au NPs: gold nanoparticles; Au NRs: gold nanorods; Au NSs: gold nanostars, HER: Hydrogen evolution reaction; ORR: Oxygen reduction reaction; OER: Oxygen evolution reaction; GCE: glassy carbon electrode; FTO: Flourine doped tin oxide; MB: Methylene blue; MOF: metal-organic frameworks; PBS: phosphate-buffered saline.