Table 4.
A comparison of the composition of the blood plasma with the most commonly used simulated in-vitro electrolytes [56].
| Quantity of Ions and Organic Components | Blood Plasma | Hanks’ Solution | Ringer’s Solution | DMEM | PBS | Original SBF | c-SBF | r-SBF | i-SBF | m-SBF | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Na+ | (mmol L−1) | 142 | 142 | 130 | 1273 | 157 | 142 | 142 | 142 | 142 | 142 |
| K+ | (mmol L−1) | 5 | 5.9 | 4 | 5.3 | 4.1 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 |
| Ca+ | (mmol L−1) | 2.5 | 1.3 | 1.4 | 1.8 | _ | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 1.6 | 2.5 |
| Mg2+ | (mmol L−1) | 1.5 | 0.8 | _ | 0.8 | _ | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1 | 1.5 |
| HCO3− | (mmol L−1) | 27 | 4.2 | _ | 44.1 | _ | 4.2 | 4.2 | 27 | 27 | 10 |
| Cl− | (mmol L−1) | 103 | 145 | 109 | 90.8 | 140 | 148.8 | 147.8 | 103 | 103 | 103 |
| HPO42− | (mmol L−1) | 1 | 0.8 | _ | 0.9 | 11.5 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| SO42− | (mmol L−1) | 0.5 | 0.8 | _ | 0.8 | _ | 0 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 |
| Buffer | _ | _ | _ | _ | HEPES | _ | Tris | Tris | HEPES | HEPES | HEPES |
| Amino acids | (g L−1) | _ | _ | _ | 1.6 | _ | _ | _ | _ | _ | _ |
| Glucose | (g L−1) | 0.65–1.1 | 1 | _ | 4.5 | _ | _ | _ | _ | _ | _ |
| Albumin | (g L−1) | 30–55 | _ | _ | _ | _ | _ | _ | _ | _ | _ |
| α-globulins | (g L−1) | 5–10 | _ | _ | _ | _ | _ | _ | _ | _ | _ |
| β-globulins | (g L−1) | 6–12 | _ | _ | _ | _ | _ | _ | _ | _ | _ |
| γ-globulins | (g L−1) | 6.6–15 | _ | _ | _ | _ | _ | _ | _ | _ | _ |
| α1-lipoproteins | (g L−1) | 6–12 | _ | _ | _ | _ | _ | _ | _ | _ | _ |
| Fibronogen | (g L−1) | 1.7–4.3 | _ | _ | _ | _ | _ | _ | _ | _ | _ |
| cholesterol | (g L−1) | 1.2–2.5 | _ | _ | _ | _ | _ | _ | _ | _ | _ |
| Fatty acids | (g L−1) | 1.9–4.5 | _ | _ | _ | _ | _ | _ | _ | _ | _ |
| Lactate | (mmol L−1) | 0.5–2.2 | _ | _ | _ | _ | _ | _ | _ | _ | _ |
| Urea | (mmol L−1) | 3–7 | _ | _ | _ | _ | _ | _ | _ | _ | _ |
DMEM, Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s Medium; PBS, phosphate-buffered saline; SBF, simulated body fluid; c-SBF, conventional SBF; r-SBF, revised SBF; i-SBF, ionized SBF; m-SBF, modified SBF.