Figure 3.

Effects of the non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)-inducing energy-dense diets on microbiota composition of the colon and ileum in both the feces and mucosa. 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis was performed on the luminal and mucosal contents of both the ileum and colon, and was used to visualize microbiota ordination with non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) using the Bray–Curtis index. Complementary statistical analysis were performed with permutation tests and visualized in the previous figure to show the differences in microbiota composition between gut compartments. The following figure shows the differences in microbiota composition between the energy-dense diets.