Table 1.
Milk enterolactone concentration in dairy cows fed different flaxseed products.
| References | No. of Cows | DIM 1 | Experimental Design 2 | Treatments 3 | Milk Enterolactone Concentration 4 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| [16] | 24 | 119 | RCB | CON, 10% FM, 10% WF | 10% FM = 10% WF > CON |
| [8] | 4 | 92 | 4 × 4 Latin square | FO & FH at ABO/ABO, RUM/ABO, RUM/RUM, ABO/RUM | ABO/RUM = RUM/RUM > RUM/ABO = ABO/ABO |
| [11] | 32 | 231 | RCB | 0%, 5%, 10%, 15% FM | Linear increase |
| [54] | 12 | 61 | RCB | CON, 20% FM | 20% FM > CON |
| [53] | 32 | 175 | RCB | 0%, 5%, 10%, 15% WF | Tendency for linear increase |
| [55] | 4 | 190 | 4 × 4 Latin square | CON, 20% FH, MON, 20% FH + MON | 20% FH = 20% FH + MON > CON = MON |
| [17] | 45 | 140 | RCB | 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% FH | Linear increase |
| [56] | 8 | 163 | 4 × 4 Latin square | CON, 9.88% FH, 500 g/d FO at ABO, 9.88% FH + 500 g/d FO at ABO | 9.88% FH = 9.88% FH + 500 g/d > CON > 500 g/d FO |
| [48] | 6 | 95 | 6 × 6 Latin square | 2 × 3 factorial: FH (0%, 15.9%) × FO (0, 250, 500 g/d) | 15.9% FH diets > 0% FH diets |
| [18] | 16 | 135 | 4 × 4 Latin square | 2 × 2 factorial: GRC + 16% SBM-SFM mix, GRC + 16% FM, LM + 16% SBM-SFM mix, LM + 16% FM | 16% FM diets > 16% SBM-SFM mix diets & LM diets > GRC diets |
| [47] | 8 | 56 | 4 × 4 Latin square | 2 × 2 factorial: CON, 13.7% FM, 250 g/d SO at ABO, 13.7% FM + 250 g/d SO at ABO | No treatment differences |
| [57] | 8 | 108 | 4 × 4 Latin square | 2 × 2 factorial: CON, 12.4% FM, 250 g/d FO at ABO, 12.4% FM + 250 g/d FO at ABO | 12.4% FM = 12.4% + 250 g/d FO > CON = 250 g/d FO |
| [10] | 8 | 112 | 4 × 4 Latin square | 0%, 5%, 10%, 15% FM | Linear increase |
| [58] | 16 | 95 | 4 × 4 Latin square | CON, 15% FM + 5% sucrose, 15% FM + 3% FO, 15% FM + 5% sucrose + 3% FO | 15% FM + 5% sucrose = 15% FM + 3% FO = 15% FM + 5% sucrose + 3% FO > CON |
| [19] | 16 | 101 | 4 × 4 Latin square | Different GRC to LM ratios (12:0, 8:4, 4:8, and 0:12) + 15% FM | Tendency for cubic effect |
1 DIM = days in milk; 2 RCB = randomized complete block design; 3 CON = control, FM = flaxseed meal, WF = whole flaxseed, FO = flaxseed oil, FH = flaxseed hulls, ABO = abomasum, RUM = rumen, MON = monensin, GRC = ground corn, LM = liquid molasses, SBM = soybean meal, SFM = sunflower meal, SO = sunflower oil; 4 Significant differences in the cited references were declared at p ≤ 0.05 and trends at 0.05 < p ≤ 0.10; no treatment differences (p > 0.10).