Table 3.
Activity of antioxidant enzymes in plasma, erythrocytes, and mammary and hepatic tissues in lactating dairy cows fed different flaxseed products 1.
| Item 3 | Treatments and References 2 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Non-FH vs. 9.88% FH Diets [56] | 0%, 5%, 10%, 15% FM [99] | Non-FM vs. 16% FM Diets [18] | Non-FM vs. 13.7% FM Diets [100] | Non-FM vs. 12.4% FM Diets [98] | CON vs. 7.7% WF, 7.7% WL [108] | |
| Plasma 4 | ||||||
| CAT | NS | NS 8 | − | NS | ↓ | − |
| GPX | NS | NS 9 | NS | NS | NS | − |
| SOD | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | − |
| Erythrocytes 5 | ||||||
| CAT | NS | NS | − | NS | ↑, † | − |
| GPX | NS | NS | − | NS | NS | − |
| SOD | NS | NS | − | NS | NS | − |
| Mammary tissue 6 | ||||||
| CAT | NS | NS | − | NS | NS | − |
| GPX | NS | NS | − | NS | NS | − |
| SOD | ↑, † | NS | − | NS | NS | − |
| Hepatic tissue 7 | ||||||
| CAT | − | − | − | − | − | NS |
| GPX | − | − | − | − | − | NS |
| SOD | − | − | − | − | − | NS |
1 Significant differences in the cited references were declared at p ≤ 0.05 and trends at 0.05 < p ≤ 0.10; NS = not significant (p > 0.10). 2 FH = flaxseed hulls; CON = control; FM = flaxseed meal; WF = whole flaxseed; WL = whole linola (linola is a cultivar of flaxseed containing approximately 70% linoleic acid [97]). 3 CAT = catalase; GPx = glutathione peroxidase; SOD = superoxide dismutase; ↑ = positive effect; ↓ = negative effect; † = tendency for significance; − = no measurement. 4 CAT and GPx units were reported as µmol/min per mg of protein, nmol/min per mg of protein, or nmol/min per mL; SOD units were reported as U/mg of protein, U/g of protein, nmol/min per mg of protein. 5 CAT units were reported as µmol/min per mg of protein or nmol/min per g of protein; GPx units were reported as nmol/min per g of protein or nmol/min per mg of protein; SOD units were reported as U/g of protein, U/mg of protein, or µmol/min per mg of protein. 6 CAT units were reported as µmol/min per mg of protein, nmol/min per g of protein, or nmol/min per mg of protein; GPx units were reported as nmol/min per g of protein or nmol/min per mg of protein; SOD units were reported as U/g of protein, U/mg of protein, or µmol/min per mg of protein. 7 CAT, GPx, and SOD units were reported as U/mg of protein. 8 no overall treatment effect, but a significant treatment by sampling time interaction was reported [quadratic and cubic effects before feeding (0 h) and no effect at 3 h post- feeding]. 9 no overall treatment effect, but a significant treatment by sampling time interaction was observed [quadratic and cubic effects before feeding (0 h) and no effect at 3 h post- feeding].