Table 4.
Relative mRNA abundance of oxidative stress-related genes in mammary tissues of lactating dairy cows fed flaxseed products 1.
| Items 3 | Treatments 2 and References | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Non-FH vs. 9.88% FH diets [56] | 0%, 5%, 10%, 15% FM [99] | Non-FM vs. 13.7% FM diets [100] | Non-FM vs. 12.4% FM diets [98] | |
| CAT | ↑ | linear increase† | NS | − |
| GPX1 | ↑ | NS | NS | NS |
| GPX3 | ↓ | NS | NS | − |
| SOD1 | ↑ | NS | NS | − |
| SOD2 | ↓ | NS | NS | − |
| SOD3 | ↓ | NS | NS | − |
| NFE2L2 | − | linear increase | − | − |
| NF-κB | − | NS | − | − |
| NF-κB1 | − | − | ↓, † | NS |
| NRF2 | − | − | NS | NS |
1 Significant differences in the cited references were declared at p ≤ 0.05 and trends at 0.05 < p ≤ 0.10; NS = not significant (p > 0.10). 2 FH = flaxseed hulls; FM = flaxseed meal. 3 CAT = catalase; GPX = glutathione peroxidase; SOD = superoxide dismutase; NFE2L2 = nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2; NF-κB1 = nuclear factor Kappa-B1; NRF2 = nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2; ↑ = positive effect; ↓ = negative effect; † = tendency for significance; − = no measurement.