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. 2019 Jan 6;20(1):184. doi: 10.3390/ijms20010184

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© 2019 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Accumulation of apoptotic germ cells, retained sperm, damaged mitochondria and large LDs in SCs of ETRs at stages VII-VIII. (A) TUNEL labeling of apoptotic cells (white arrow heads) in control (a) and ETR (b) testes. The white arrows mark retained sperm with TUNEL positivity apparently phagocytosed by SCs. (B) TEM showing apoptotic germ cells (stars in c–e) and retained sperm (short arrows in e) phagocytosed by SCs of ETRs. The insets in f are higher magnifications of the boxed areas, demonstrating a mitophagosome marked by green arrow (right inset) and autolysosome marked by blue arrow head (left inset). The long black arrows indicate AVs, while the black arrow head in the right inset marks autophagosomal membrane. M: damaged mitochondria; S: SC nucleus; LD: lipid droplet.