Figure 2.

Fermentation activity of S. epidermidis. (a) PSF MTAM loaded-bacteria (B) (10⁵ colony-forming unit (CFU)/mL) were incubated in phenol red-containing rich media (M) with glycerol (G). Rich media plus glycerol with a bacteria-unloaded PSF MTAM (PSF) alone or bacteria alone were included as controls. S. epidermidis fermentation on 10 h was displayed. A yellow color change in media is indicative of extensive fermentation of bacteria. (b) The OD₅₆₀ value in the media with glycerol plus PSF MTAM loaded-bacteria (M+PSF+B+G) was significantly lower than those in the media with glycerol plus PSF MTAM (M+PSF+G) or bacteria (M+B+G). Results were illustrated as the mean ± standard derivation (SD) of three independent experiments. * p < 0.01; ** p < 0.001 (two-tailed t-tests).