The effect of MHY440 on apoptosis in AGS cells. (A) Morphological changes of MHY440-treated cells. Nuclei of AGS cells stained with Hoechst 33342 to visualize DNA. The stained cells and nuclei were then observed with a fluorescence microscope (original magnification, 400×). Arrows indicate apoptotic cells. (B) The effect of MHY440 on cell death was determined via Annexin V-FITC/PI analysis using flow cytometry. (C) Results are expressed as the means ± SD of three independent experiments. Significance was determined using Student’s t-test (* p < 0.05 compared with vehicle-treated cells). (D) Representative results of DNA analysis from three independent experiments are shown. M, Marker. (E) Western blot analysis of total cell lysates of cells treated with increasing concentrations of MHY440 for 24 h. The blots were probed with antibodies against Fas-L, Fas, Bax, BID, and PARP. β-actin was used as a loading control. Representative results from three independent experiments are shown.