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Reagents and conditions: (a) carbonyl diimidazole, CH2Cl2, 15 min; (b) N,N′-dimethylethylene-diamine, CH2Cl2, 0 °C, 15 min; (c) acetonitrile/0.4 N NaOH(aq) (1:1), 12 h; (d) chloroacetyl chloride, DIEA, 15 min, then TFA, H2O, 12 h; (e) disuccinimidyl carbonate, pyridine, CH3CN, 12 h.
